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May 22, 1928.

E. KNAUSS ET AL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 1,1926 4 Sheets-Sheet l &N M6

#9 3 Hum 1% 01 N Eda: 00rd Knazws May 22, 1928.

V E. KNAUSS ET AL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept.1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 #342855 2291 m 8 o H N o w t M m 3 W m m n u m r a0 MM H l a 5 .RN

Edward Km May 22, 1928.

E. KNAUSS ET AL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 1,1926 4 Shgets-Sheet 3 \w w whm gn-mznto'td muss, uqcZ Zer; I g 7 6R0:nu:

Edward .K

May 22, 1923. 1,670,365

E. KNAUSS ET AL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept.1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ven ow EcZw ard Knauss, iV/rrvssszs."

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a l 13 M 067% UT I q q Patented May 22, 1928.

UNITED STATES 1,670,365 PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD KNAUSS, OF FLORIN, CALIFORNIA, AND HERMAN G. ADLER, OF BROOKLYN,

NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO K. 1". PRODUCTS CO. INC., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ACOR- PORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed Septemb er This invention relates to governors forinternal combustion engines adapted to cause the engine to maintain anearly con stant speed irrespective of whether it carries full load, noload or any intermediate load.

A distinctive feature of the invention resides in the provision of agovernor or speed controller that may be adjusted to operate at a widerange of engine speeds without requiring any alteration or change in anyof its component parts. In that con nection the invention contemplates aconstruction which is adaptable to different engines which have varyingvacuu n characteristics.

A further object of the invention is to rovide a vacuum responsiveelement, a governing valve and mechanism for causing the vacuumresponsive member to move the governing valve toward its closed positionat a constantly decreasing rate as compared with the movement of saidvacuum responsive element which tends to straighten out the curverepresenting the vacuum acting on the vacuum responsive element.

A further object is to employ an unbalanced governing valve subject tothe differential in pressure in the mixture supply duct on oppositesides thereof which causes such valve to increasingly resist the effortof the vacuum responsive element to move it toward its closed position.As the difterential pressure acting on the vacuum re sponsive elementand dill'erentipl pressure acting on the unl'ialanced governing valve toresist its closing movement depend upon the position of this valve, itis clear that when the governor is adjusted to different maximum speedsa similar change will be produced in the characteristics of the dif-'l'erential pressures acting upon the vacuum responsive element and uponthe governing valve respectively and that the. difference between. thedi'tlerential pressures acting upon the vacuum responsive element andthe governing valve will remain substantially unchanged and. capableunder all throttle and load conditions of being balanced by adjustmentof the tension of the same springs without any change being required inthe characteristics of such springs.

The unbalancing of the governing valve should be such that theresistance to the 1, 1326. Serial No. 133,046.

movement of the piston by the unbalanced valve will not be suflicient toentirely balance the eiiort of the differential between the pressure inthe vacuum duct and atmospheric pressure acting upon the piston, thecomplete balance being cii'ected by appropriate additional springresistance.

It is also apparent that this construction not only will preventstealing or overrunning the motor speed for which the governor has beenset but will, in a sense, anticipate stealing and render it necessary tomaintain the manually operated throttle in such open position that whenthe motor is running under a light load the clearance in the duct aroundthe manually operated throttle valve will be greater than the clearancein said duct around said governing valve in order to maintain such adifferential between the pressure on opposite sides thereof as willprevent the eon'iplete closing of such valve.

A further object is to provide mechanism whereby a spring resisting themovement of the vacuum responsive element will be deflected at adisproportionately increasing rate as the vacuum responsive elementmoves the governing valve toward its closed position and to providemeans whereby the rate at which such spring is deflected as comparedwith the movement of the vacuum responsive element may be varied.

lVith the above and other objects in view which will more readily appearas the nature of the invention is better understood. the same consistsin the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts herc'-inatter more fully described, illustrahrd and claimed.

A preferred and practical embodiment of the invention is shown in theaccom ninying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal seetional view illustrating theapplication of the invention and showing the governing valve in its fullopen position.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the device.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating the relativeposition of the various parts of the device when the governing valve hasbeen moved fully to its closed position.

Figure 4 is a detail and elevation of the device.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the degree of pistonmovement with relation tothe various governing valve positions tocontrol the percentage of open area in the intake duct. .Figure 6.1is adetail sectional view taken on.the:line' 6s6.of..Figure 2.

Figure tion of vacuum to uniform restriction of the mixture supplyduet-on the-same'engine at" different speeds.

Figure 8 is a graph illustrating the relation oitvacuuln to, uniformrestriction of the mixture supply duct on different engines at samespeed. v I

Figure 9is a graph illustrating the effect of our lever and valvearrangement upon the relation of open area to piston movement." l rFigure 10 is a graph illustrating the vacuum equivalents of the opposingforces acting upon the piston 'andvalve respectively and the resultantnet force exerted by the piston.

Similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughoutthe several figures of the drawings.

r-rccording:to'the embodiment of the invention shown in the accompanyingdrawings it is proposedto provide a governing valve A. which is separatefrom but controlled by a vacuum responsive element B through the mediumof a spring controlled lever device C. .This device 18 capable ofadjustment to 'eadily adapt the device to operate under differentconditions on the samevengine or on different engines. The vacuumresponsive element B isvpreferably in the form of a piston which isactuated by the differential pressure occurring in the intake duct downstream from the governing valve and the atmosphere sov that thegoverning device maybe made accurately responsive to changing conditionsof speed and load.

Referring now more in detail to" the construction shown in the:accompanying drawingsit will be observed that the same comprises a maincasing or housing 1 carrying therewith an offset attaching portion 2adapted to be interposed in the intake duct of thcengine between thecarburetor 3 and the manifold pipe 1 and having a valve chamber 5 whichconnnunicatesthrough the port 6 with the mechanism chamber 7 of the maincasing or housing 1. As will be observed from Figure 2 the saidmechanism chamber Tis accessible through the cover plate or door 8.

Arranged within the valve chamber 5 is the governing valve A which iscarried by a shaft extending across the. chamber 5 and journaled as at 9and 10 in the opposite.

walls. of the chamber;- This shaft carries therewith a lever 11 havingat its free end a roller 12 adapted to bear against the end 7 is a graphillustrating the rela- 13 of the hollow piston 14, of the vacuumresponsive element 13; slidably'i mounted in the tubular part of themain casing'l.

The lever 11 carries therewith a spring pilot v15" which cooperates with:a pilot-'16 carried .by an adjusting; "devicei designated generally asD, thereby. to support a; spring 17 whose degree of compression may bead I justedte vary the resistance offered by the roller to the movementof the piston 14,

The adjusting device'D includes the shank 18 of the pilot l6and anadjusting screwlt) which has a threaded engagement in the adjustablesleevemountedin the slot 21 in one ofthe walls of the mechanism cham'-'be! 7, the longitudinal axis of the slot being at right angles to thepivot axisof the spring pilot leso that the lateral adjustment of saidpilot ntiay-be'made parallel .to the path of movement of the roller 12across the face or end 13 of the piston 14;. The inner-end of the sleeve20 is provided with the elongated rectangular guiding portion or headadapted to have a guiding'en gagen'ient i with a side ofthe mechanisn')chamber 7 to prevent the twisting of the sleeve when it is adjusted. Itwill also be observed that the shank 18 of the spring pilot 1G isprovided with a groove 18 adapt: ed to receive'a key l8 ltopreventtherotation of the said shank when the'saine is moved by the adjustingscrew 19. It will therefore be apparent that the shank '18 of the pilotand the screw 19 are separate .1nembers,'the screw 19 being held in thedesired set position by the nut 19; Also to hold the sleeve 20 at theproper setting the same is; provided with a nut '20 bearing against theouter face of the chamber 7 andpartiaL lycovering the slot 21. In orderthat air pressure will not enter the chamber 1' through the slot 21 agasket 22 is clamped bet veenfl the. head and. .wall of chamber 7.. Ahood 23, as clearly shown in the drawings, is provided to preventtampering with the parts when adjusted.

Vith theeforegoing arrangement it will. be apparent that the pilot 16 ofthe spring, 17 has two adjustments, one efiectedbv the screw 19 forvarying the tension of the spring 17. and the other effected by thesleeve 20 for changing the reh'itive position of the pilot in thechamber 7m shiftthe longitudinal axis of the spring toward and from theshaft 9 carrying the valve.

As previously explained the roller 12 bears against the face 13v of thepiston 14. of the vacuum responsive element so that as the said pistonmoves in'the main casing or housing 1 the'roller is shifted across theend of the piston as indicatedin Figure/5. The various positions of,theroller, due to piston movement,.and the positions of;the valve vareclearly plotted out in the diagram referred to and also the percentageof, open llt" lit

area in the intake duct is graphically illustrated for each position ofthe piston and the valve. From the diagram it will be observed that theinitial movement of the piston will cause the valve to cut off or closea greater area of the intake duct than a like subsequent movementthereof and that each subsequent like movement of the piston will causethe valve to cut off or close a progressively decreasing area of theintake duct. It is also apparent that on the contrary a given initialmovement of the piston will cause but a slight deflection of the spring17 and that each like subsequent movement of the piston will *ause aprogressively i11- creasing deflection of said spring.

The hollow piston 14 is maintained in its normally retracted position bythe spring 17. The spring 2% is secured at one end in grooves in anadjustable pin or support 25 which is adjustably fitted in the cover orplug 26 inserted in one end of-the main casing 1. The free end of thespring 24. is adapted to be engaged by a washer or equivalent abutment27 carried by the piston 14, the said washer having a central opening toclear the member 25 and avoid frictional resistance at that point. Thecover or plug 26 is provided with openings 28 to permit atmospheric pressure to exert its influence on the side of the piston opposite theroller 12. Also as shown the cover plug 26 may be provided with a guardor cap 29 having an atmosphere port 30' to insure communication to thepiston through the openings 28. Although a. sin gle spring 24 is shownin the drawings it will of course be understood that one or more springsmay be employed if desired, and by reason of the adjustable mounting ofthe pin or support 25 in the plug 26 it will be ap parent that the samemay be adjusted longitudinally along the axis of the plug to space thewasher 27 from the end of the spring 25 any desired distance so that theinitial movement of the piston will not be resisted by the spring 2 butonly by the spring l7 thereby to give the quick initial movement to thevacuum responsive element. It is also apparent that the characteristicsof this spring may be adjusted by changing the number of action coils byrotating it in the spiral grooves in the member It will be apparent thatit is possible to effect an adj ustment of the governor to suit widelyvarying conditions. Thus, the invention attains its object to provide aspeed controller which can be adjusted to operate at any speed with outrequiring a change in any of its component parts and which may beadjusted to different motors having variant or changing vacuumcharacteristics.

By reference to Figure 7, it will be observed that curve #1 shows themanner in which the difference in pressure between the atmosphere andthe vacuum existing in the manifold varies when the open area of thefuel passage is closed at a uniform rate, and the load is adjusted tomaintain a constant speed. Curve #2 shows the same relation at a lowerspeed, and curve #3 at a still lower speed. 1t will be noted that theshape of these curves is different at different speeds and that thelower the speed, the greater the bending of the curve, so that as thespeed decreases, the slope of the lower por tion of the curve decreaseswhile the slope of the upper portion increases.

Curves #1 and #2 of Figure 8 show the change in vacuum which takes placeat the same speed but on different engines, that is when the same fuelpassage is closed as described on engines of about the same size butdifferent make and having variant vacuum characteristics, at the samespeed. It will be noted that both the shape of the curve and themagnitude of the vacuum are slightly different on ditl'erent engines.

Accordingly, it will be apparent, that the same device will not operatewith the same efiiciency on diii'erent engines, or at different speedson the same engine without a change in some of its component parts.Heretofore it has been necessary to employ different springs to balancethe acting force at different speed settings and with motors of variantvacuum characteristics or to vary the acting force. However, with thepresent construction by utilizing a vacuum function of the engine tooppose the closing movement of the governing valve, it is possible toapply the device to different motors and adjust the same to the point ofellicient operation at widely variant engine speeds without changing anyof its component parts.

\Vhen the device is in operation, the vacmun existing in the manifold 4;down stream of the governing valve A will also exist in the mechanismchamber 7 since the latter connnunicates with the fuel passage or valvechamber 5 tln-ough the opening 6. Atmospheric pressure admitted throughthe holes 28 will act upon the rear of the piston 14, and since thepressure on .the up stream side of the governing valve A will be greaterthan the pressure on the down stream side, a torque will be imposed uponthe governing valve because of the fact that it is ofi'set, that is thecenter line of the axis 9 of the valve A is displaced a certain distancefrom the geometrical center of the fuel passage or valve chamber Thetorque thus imposed on the valve will act in opposition to the forceacting upon the piston and the characteristics of the torque will dependupon the vacuum and hence the speed. The result of the push on thepiston and the opposing force due to the valve, will he a curve whoseshape will be approximately the same at a large range of speeds.

Curve #1 of Figure 7 illustrates the rela- Int) liL'i tion of pistonmovement and open area of fuel passagew It will be observed that due tothe arrangement of the lever 11 and oilfset governing valve shown in thedravving, this areav (.lQGL'QltSCS more rapidly at the beginning of theclosing movement which straightcns the vacuum, curve as shown in liigure10 wherein curve #1 is a vacuum cur ve obtained by an element whichuniiormly closes, the fuel ductand curve #9. repre sents the relation ofpiston movement and vacuum resulting from the. arrangement shown on thedrawing. Curve :tt3 of Figure 10 represents the vacuum equivalent of theopposing force actingmi the piston due to torque on the valve, and curve#4 is the resultant-0t this force and curve #2 or the net force on thepiston. This curve is balanced by the springs 17 and 24-. As previouslysettortli the spring 2 may consist of one or. moresprings arranged inseries or parallel so that a certain portion of the force represented bythe ordinate of curve #4; is balanced by it. By reason of the adjustablemounting for the spring 17 it Will be apparentthat as the roller 12moves to clof'e. the governing .valve, the, force inherent in thisspring Will first increase slowly and then more rapidly, thus forming asmooth curve. the shape oiyivhicli, will depend upon the initial tensionand, characteristics of the spring 17, as well as upon the position ofthe adjusting screw 19. By moving the. sleeve 20 toward the. manitold 4the bending in the curve of the spring 17 Will be decreased, and viceversa. The resultant vacuum can therefore be completely balanced by thesprings 17 and 24 on any motor at. any speed.

Without further description it is thought that the features and.advantages of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art, and it will of course be understood that changes in the term,proportion and details-of construction may be resorted to, Withoutdeparting from the spirit ot the invention or scope of the appendedclaims.

e claim 1.. A governor tor internalcombustion engines including anunbalanced governing valve, and acuum responsive means for moving saidgoverning valve toward its closed position.

2. A governor for internal combustion engincs including a mixture supplyduct, an unbalanced governing valve mounted therein. vacuum responsivemeans for moving said unbalancec governing valve toward its closedposition. said unbalanced governing valve constituting flow actuatedmeans for opposing its closing movement.

A governor for internal combustion engines including a. inixturesupplyduet an unbalanced.governing valve mounted therein, vacuum responsivemeans for moving said unbalanced governing valve toward its closedposition, said unbalanced governing valve constituting .tiovv actuatedmeans for opposing its closing movement and spring means tor-balancingthe resultant net force of said vacuumand tiovv responsive means.

ii. A, governor :tor internal combustion engines including a mixturesupply duct an unbalanced governing valve mounted therein. meansactuated by the diii crential between the pressure in said duct downstream il'romsaid govern ing valve and atuu'ispheric pressure tormoving' said governing valve toward its closed position at a graduallydccrcasing speed. as compared with the move ment of said vacuumresponsive element. the said unbalanced governing valve being so mountedin said mixture supplyduct that the flow ollect on said unbilancedgoverning valve will energize said governing valve to exert adisproportionately progressively iii-- creasing resistance to theclosingrel'fort of said vacuum responsive elen'ient as it is movedtoward its closed position.

it governor for internal combustion eupines incliuling a vacuumresponaiiivi-i element, a. governing valve. separate spring resistancemeans respectively tor said valve and vacuum res iionsive element, andmeans for separately adjusting said spring resistance means to balancethe vacuumcurve at any engine speed. 1

(3. A. governor tor internal, combustion engines including a v: cuumresponsive element, a governing valve, adjustable spring resist ancemeans for the vacuum responsive element, separate spring resistancemeans for the 'alve, and means for adjusting said last named springresistance means to vary the force thereoil and the direction oiapplication oi said torce.

7. A governor for internal con'ibustion engines including a governingvalve, :1 vacuum responsive element adapted to be subjected to pressureconditions in the intakediu-t do vvn stream from said. governing valve.spring resistance means for said vacuum responsive ehnncnt. and siparatcspring re sistance means tor the governing valve adapted to be adjustedto otler varying resistance to the vacuum responsive element to balancethe vacuum curve at any engine speed. I

S. A governor for internal combustion engines comprising a vacuumresponsive element including a pistouadaptwl to be subjected to vacuumconditions in the intake duct of the engine and atmospheric pre sure, agoverning valve in the intake duct, an actuator for the governing valveincluding a lever adapted to be moved by the said piston, springresistance means for said lever, and means for shifting the position ofand adjusting the said spring resistance means. I r v I i loo ilu

9. A governor for internal combustion engines comprising a vacuumresponsive element including a piston, a pivoted governing valvearranged in the intake duct or the engine, and means tor operating saidvalve, said means comprising a lever adapted to be moved by the piston.a spring connected to the free end of said lever, and means forcompressing said spring and shifting the end thereot opposite the levertoward and from the longitudinal axis of the piston.

10. A governor for internal con'ibustion engines comprising a vacuumresponsive element including a piston, a pivoted governing valvearranged in the intake duct oi the engine, and means for operating saidvalve, said means comprising alever, a spring for maintaining the end ofsaid lever in operative relation to the end of the piston, and meansl'or adjustabl mounting said spring including a spring supportadjustable parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston and a carrierfor said spring support adj ustable at right angles to the longitudinalaxis of the piston.

11. A governor for internal combustion engines comprising a vacuumresponsive element including a piston adapted to be subjected to vacuumconditions in the intake duct and atmospheric pressure, adjustablespring resistance means for the piston, a governing valve arranged inthe intake duct of the engine, and means for controlling the movement ofsaid valve, said means comprising a lever adapted to be moved by thepiston, a spring connected with the free end of said lever and normallythrusting the same toward the piston, and means associated with the endof said spring opposite the lever for shifting the same and varying thecompression thereof.

12. A governor for internal combustion engines comprising a pivotedgoverning valve arranged in the intake duct of the engine, a vacuumresponsive element including a piston adapted to be subjected to vacuumconditions down stream from the governing valve and atmosphericpressure. adjustable spring resistance means for the piston. and meansfor operating said governing valve upon movement of the piston. saidmeans comprising a lever. a roller on said lever adapted to travelacross one end of the piston, and spring resistance means for maintaining said roller in contact with the pis ton.

13. A governor for internal combustion engines including a main casinghaving a mechanism chamber and an offset valve chamber communicatingtherewith and adapted to be arranged in the intake duct ol the engine, apiston slidably mounted in the main casing, a governing valve pivotallysupported in the valve chamber and having the pivot portion thereofextending into the mechanism chamber, a lever for the valve, a springfor maintaining said lever in operative relation to the piston, andmeans for adjusting said spring comprising a support adjustable parallelto the axis 01 the piston to vary the compression of said spring, and asleeve carrying said support and adapted to be adjusted toward and fromthe longitudinal axis of the piston.

i i. A governor for internal combustion engines including a vacuumresponsive element, spring means associated with said element, agoverning valve carrying an actuator operatively engaged with the vacuumrespon ive element and spring means maintaining said operativeengagement.

15. A governor for internal combustion engines including a vacuumresponsive element, adjustable spring means associated with saidelement, a governing valve carrying an actuator operatively engaged withthe vacuum responsive element and spring means maintaining saidoperative engagement.

16. A governor tor internal combustion engines including a vacuumresponsive element, spring means associated with said element, agoverning valve carrying an actuating rocker operatively engaged withthe vacuum responsive element and spring means maintaining saidoperative engagement.

17. A governor for internal combustion engines including a governingvalve, vacuum responsive means for moving aid governing valve towardsits closed position, a spring opposing the movement 01 said vacuumresponsive means, and means for causing said spring to be deflected at acontinuousl increa ing rateas compared with the movement of said vacuumresponsive means.

18A governor for internal combustion engines including a governingvalve. acuum responsive means for moving said governing valve towardsits closed position, a spring opposing the movement of said vacuumresponsive means. means for causing said spring to be deflected at acontinuously increasing rate as compared with the movement of saidvacuum responsive means and means for varying the rate at which suchdeflection of said spring is so increased.

EDlVARD KNAUSS. HERMAN G. ADLER.

DISCLAIMER 0 365.Edward Knauss, Florin, Celii, end Hernum G. Adler,Brooklyn, N. Y. OVERNOH FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Patent dated Mn22, 1928. Disclaimer filed July 31, 1933, by the ossignee, HandyGovernor Corpora ion. Hereby enters this disclaimer to claim 1 oi saidLetters Patent. N 0. 1,670,365, which is in the following words, to wit:

A governor for internal combustion engines including an unbalanced,governing valve and vacuum responsive means for moving said governingvalve toward its closed position.

[Ofiicial Gazette August 29, 1938.]

